Table 1 lists the many varieties of copper tube that can be used in fuel gas distribution systems in the United States, as well as their identification and availability. For many years, Types K and L copper tube (ASTM B 88) and ACR tube (ASTM B 280) with outside diameters up to and including 1 inch have been employed in fuel gas systems. Type L is typically used for interior distribution systems, while Type K is typically utilized for any underground lines. Seamless copper tube Type GAS (ASTM B 837) is routinely used and needed in Canada for gas distribution systems, despite not being widely used in the United States.
Table 2 shows the size of copper tubing used in gas systems. Outside diameter (O.D.) is used to identify tube and fittings in fuel gas systems rather than nominal diameters. In their references and when ordering, designers and installers should be explicit about size designations.
If the gas contains more than 0.3 grains of hydrogen sulfide per 100 standard cubic feet (scf) of gas (0.7 mg/100 L), copper and copper alloy tube (excluding tin-lined copper tube) should not be utilized.
Is it possible to create your own propane?
However, a team of Imperial College London scientists has successfully proved that using a genetically altered version of the bacterium E coli, they can manufacture propane from glucose.
In the UK, approximately 160,000 automobiles run on LPG, some of which were converted from petrol or diesel engines by owners hoping to save money at the pump. LPG provides environmental advantages as well, emitting up to 20% fewer greenhouse gases than unleaded gasoline. Jones stated that he would like to make propane using solar energy in the future.
The new effort only produced trace amounts of propane, but it is proof of concept that it may be created without the need of propane refining or natural gas processing, which are the two most common methods of production.”
It isn’t anything that will be used by industry today, but it is vital and substantial, according to Jones, who added that in order to attract investors, he would need to triple the production size.
The team had to come up with a way to create propane “In E. coli, a set of enzymes (Thioesterase) was introduced into the assembly line of the biological process of fatty acid synthesis. The stinky fatty acid was subsequently converted to propane with the addition of two additional enyzmes.
Producing gasoline or diesel would be significantly more difficult, according to Jones. The scientists picked propane over other fuels because it could be liquefied, making it easier to transport, and it could be liquefied with 30 times less energy than hydrogen, which has been offered as another ‘green’ fuel source.
Jones stated, ” “Fossil fuels are a finite resource, and as the world’s population grows, we will need to find new ways to fulfill rising energy demands. However, developing a low-cost and economically sustainable renewable approach is a significant task.
“Algae can now be utilized to generate biodiesel, but it is not commercially viable because to the high energy and financial costs of harvesting and processing. As a result, we chose propane since it can be extracted from the natural process with little energy and because it would work with current infrastructure.
